Friday, December 27, 2013

Who's been nibbling in the garden?



Yesterday I noticed some tracks heading from the driveway to the side of our house.  Looks like that rabbit is back looking for something to eat in the perennial beds.


This morning I noticed tracks in the fresh snow headed to the right in the photo below straight for the native bed-most likely deer who seem to enjoy nibbling on the sumac bushes.


When I take a closer look at the damage next spring, I'll try to figure out what deterrents I might try in the future.  With the neighborhood being located close to High Cliff State Park, the deer tend to wander through the area often, so we can only hope they find more appealing options at the neighbors.

Damage
Animals that do the most damage to herbaceous plants include: deer, rabbits and woodchucks. Deer damage is distinctive because deer only have teeth on their lower jaws, so when they bite down, they must tear the plant to pull off leaves. Thus, deer damage to plants is rough or shredded-looking. It may also be several feet off of the ground. Plus, if a large amount of plant material is damaged overnight, you should suspect deer. Rabbit damage looks like someone used a pruner to cut the plant off at a clean, 45-degree angle. Woodchucks will mow down plants, or sometimes just nibble on succulent material. They are diurnal, so keep on the lookout.

Cultural Controls
Anticipate deer problems, especially in suburban or rural areas. Use deterrents such as fencing, scare devices, and repellents. Apply repellents at the first signs of damage to deter deer from establishing a feeding pattern. Deter rabbits by surrounding their favorite plants with small diameter mesh fencing; fencing off the growing area (if possible) with a 2-foot high chicken wire fence tight to the ground, or buried a few inches; and using chemical repellents. Most repellents depend on thorough coverage and may need to be reapplied after wet weather. Exclude woodchucks with heavy-duty chicken wire fencing buried 10-12" below ground and extending at least 4' above ground. There should be an outward pointing lip at both the top and buried bottom of the fencing.

While attempts to prevent deer damage in the garden by installing physical barriers and applying odor- and taste-based repellents, choosing plants generally thought to be less palatable to deer and other mammals is also recommended.   Favorite foods, often destroyed by deer, include:
Cherries
Daylily
Dogwood
European Mountain Ash
Evergreen Azaleas
Garden Lilies
Hardy Geranium
Hosta
Hydrangea
Impatiens
Linden/basswood
Plums
Sea Holly
Strawberry
Tulips
Wintercreeper
Yews
American Arborvitae

Instead the following are choices to consider:
                                 Trees      
Botanical Name
Common Name
Amelanchier
Serviceberry
Betula nigra
River Birch
Betula papyrifera
Paper Birch
Cotinus obovatus
American Smoke Tree
Crataegus
Hawthorn
Fagus
Beech
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Green Ash
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo
Gledistia triacanthos
Honey Locust
Ilex opaca
American Holly
Juniperus
Juniper
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Tree
Magnolia
Magnolia
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Dawn Redwood
Picea abies
Norway Spruce
Picea pungens
Colorado Blue Spruce
Pinus nigra
Austrian Pine
Pinus resinosa
Red Pine, Norway Pine
Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa'
Corkscrew Willow
Sassafras albidum
Sassafras
Taxodium distichum
Bald Cypruss
                            Shrubs
Botanical Name
Common Name
Berberis
Barberry
Buddleia
Butterfly Bush
Buxus
Boxwood
Clethra alnifolia
Summersweet Clethra
Daphne
Daphne
Forsythia
Forsythia
Hibiscus syriacus
Rose of Sharon
Juniperus
Juniper
Lindera benzoin
Spicebush
Mahonia
Mahonia
Myrica pensylvanica
Northern Bayberry
Potentilla fructicosa
Potentilla
Rhus aromatica
Fragrant Sumac
Sambucus racemosa
Red Elderberry
Spiraea
Spirea, Meadowsweet
Symphoricarpos albus
Common Snowberry
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
Indiancurrant Coralberry
Syringa vulgarus
Common Lilac
Viburnum lentago
Nannyberry
                         Perennials
Botanical Name
Common Name
Achillea
Yarrow
Aconitum
Monkshood, Blue Rocket
Aegipodium podagraria
Goutweed, Bishop's Weed
Aegopodium podagraria
Snow on the Mountain
Ajuga reptans
Bugleweed, Ajuga
Allium
Allium
Amsonia
Bluestar
Anemone
Anemone
Aquilegia
Columbine
Artemisia
Wormwood, Artemisia
Asarum canadense
Canadian Wild Ginger
Asclepias tuberosa
Butterfly Weed
Astilbe
Astilbe
Baptisia
False Indigo
Brunnera
Siberian Bugloss
Cerastium tormentosum
Snow-in-Summer
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides
Plumbago
Chelone glabra
Turtlehead
Chelone lyonii
Turtlehead
Convallaria majalis
Lily-of-the-Valley
Coreopsis
Tickseed
Dianthus
Dianthus Pinks
Dicentra
Bleeding Heart
Digitalis
Foxglove
Echinops
Globe Thistle
Epimedium
Barrenwort
Eupatorium purpureum
Joe-pye weed
Euphorbia
Spurge
Gaillardia
Blanket Flower
Gentiana septemfida
Crested Gentian
Geum
Avens
Helleborus
Hellebore, Lenten Rose
Heuchera
Coral Bells
Hypericum
St. Johnswort
Iberis sempervirens
Candytuft
Iris
Iris
Lamium
Spotted Deadnettle
Liatris spicata
Gayfeather
Ligularia
Ligularia
Lupinus
Lupine
Monarda
Bee Balm
Pachysandra terminalis
Japanese Pachysandra
Paeonia
Peony
Papaver orientale
Oriental Poppy
Penstemon
Beardtongue
Physostegia virginiana
Obedient Plant
Podophyllum peltatum
Mayapple
Polemonium caeruleum
Jacob's Ladder
Polygonatum
Solomon's Seal
Rudbeckia fulgida
Orange Coneflower
Salvia
Sage, Perennial Salvia
Sedum
Stonecrop
Solidago
Goldenrod
Tiarella cordifolia
Foam Flower
Tradescantia spp.
Spiderwort
Veronica
Speedwell
                       Annuals
Botanical Name
Common Name
Ageratum houstonianum
Ageratum
Antirrhinum majus
Snapdragon
Begonia semperflorens
Wax Begonia
Calendula officinalis
Pot Marigold
Capsicum annuum
Ornamental Pepper
Cleome hassleriana
Spider Flower
Dahlia
Dahlia
Heliotropium arborescens
Heliotrope
Hypoestes phyllostachya
Polka Dot Plant
Lantana
Lantana
Lobularia maritima
Sweet Alyssum
Matthiola incana
Stock
Mirabilis jalapa
Four O' Clock
Salvia farinacea
Blue Salvia
Senecio cineraria
Dusty Miller
Tagetes
Marigold
Verbena
Verbena
Zinnia
Zinnia
               Bulbs
Botanical Name
Common Name
Allium
Allium
Eranthis hyemalis
Winter Aconite
Galanthus nivalis
Common Snowdrop
Leucojum
Spring Snowflake, Summer Snowflake
Muscari
Grape Hyacinth
Narcissus
Daffodil
Scillia siberica
Siberian Squill
                    Herbs
Botanical Name
Common Name
Allium
Chives
Anethum graveolens
Dill
Foeniculum vulgare
Fennel
Hyssopus officinalis
Hyssop
Matricaria recuitita
Chamomile
Melissa officinalis
Lemon Balm
Mentha
Mint
Ocimum basicum
Sweet Basil
Origanum vulgare
Oregano
Petroselinum crispum
Parsley
Rosmarius officinalis
Rosemary
Salvia officinalis
Common Sage
Satureja montana
Winter Savory
Thymus
Thyme
                       Grasses
Botanical Name
Common Name
Calamagrostis
Feather Reed Grass
Carex
Sedge
Chasmanthium latifolium
Northern Sea Oats
Erianthus ravennae
Tall Ravenna Grass
Festuca cinerea
Blue Fescue
Miscanthus sinensis
Miscanthus, Silver Grass
Pennisetum alopecuroides
Fountain Grass
Sisyrinchium striatum
Blue-Eyed Grass
                              Vines
Botanical Name
Common Name
Campsis radicans
Trumpetcreeper
Celastrus scandens
American Bittersweet
Lonicera sempervirens
Trumpet Honeysuckle
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Virginia Creeper
Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Boston Ivy
Wisteria macrstachys
Kentucky Wisteria

And this last set of tracks running down the neighbors hill and along the back of our property is a new visitor to our yard this year.



The likely culprit spotted out on the lake in the distance, heard long before he was seen zipping by.



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