Friday, September 27, 2013

Artichokes

Tonight I harvested an artichoke to steam to share at dinner.  What a wonderful surprise to find we can grow and harvest one of my favorite vegetables here in Wisconsin.  
After noticing artichokes used effectively in many recent articles and books promoting edible landscaping, I picked a plant up when I saw one at a local nursery, not expecting to necessarily be able to harvest anything here Wisconsin.
Afterall, artichokes are known for being grown commercially in Castroville, California for shipment across the country.   Castroville has a cool-summer Mediterranean climate and several microclimates, resulting in mild winters and cool summers.  There is no official wet season or dry season with precipitation dispersed throughout the year with most of it coming from various types of fog.
But to my surprise I recently notice 3 artichokes growing on the plant, so I am looking forward steaming artichokes in the near future.

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Years ago we sampled numerous tasty artichoke treats
at the Artichoke Festival held annually in Castroville, CA

Creeping rosemary trails in front of artichoke plant.

3 artichokes growing on our plant
The inspiration for this recipe for stuffed artichokes came from a recipe in La Bonne Cuisine, Cooking New Orleans Style (copyright 1980 by All Saints' Episcopal Church in River Ridge, Louisiana).  This spiral-bound cookbook I received from my sister years ago became so tattered and torn from use, I replaced my original copy with a new edition when I was last in New Orleans.


STEAMING ARTICHOKES

Steaming a fresh Artichoke is ideal for retaining all the vitamins and nutrients that can be lost by boiling.  Place a steaming basket in a large pot and fill the pot with water until it reaches just under the basket.  Place one layer of rinsed and trimmed Artichokes into the steaming basket with Artichoke stems facing up; cover with lid.  On high heat, bring the water in the steaming pot to a boil. Steam Artichokes until they are tender. Cooking time can vary, depending on the size of the Artichokes. A good approximation is 30 minutes for a Medium-sized Artichoke or 45 minutes for a Jumbo-sized Artichoke.  You will know the Artichokes are cooked when a sharp knife goes through the Artichoke base with ease. If the knife goes through with ease (similar to a baked potato), your Artichoke is perfectly cooked and ready to eat.  ( http://www.oceanmist.com )


STUFFED ARTICHOKES

2 artichokes
3/4 t. dried basil, crushed
3/4 t. dried marjoram, crushed
1 1/2 t. dried oregano, crushed
1 1/2 t. salt
pepper, to taste
3/4 c. breadcrumbs
3/4 c. Parmesan Cheese (3 oz.)
cayenne pepper, to taste
4 T. unsalted butter, melted
1 lemon, juice of
1/4 c. olive oil
1 t. garlic powder

Prepare the artichokes and lower them into boiling water for 15 minutes.  Remove and cool.  Open the artichokes and remove the fuzzy chokes and undeveloped inner leaves.  Return the artichokes to the water cooking over medium high heat for 30 minutes or until chokes are fork tender.  Remove the artichokes, drain, and cool.  Prepare a stuffing by adding the seasonings (basil, marjoram, oregano, salt, and pepper) to a mixture of breadcrumbs and Parmesan cheese.  Spoon stuffing into each artichoke heart and at the base of each leaf.  Drizzle a mixture of lemon juice, olive oil, and garlic powder over the stuffed artichokes.  Steam, covered in colander over a pot of boiling water for about 20 minutes.  

Thursday, September 26, 2013

Zero Waste

Today we were able to attend a presentation by Paul Connett who was in NE Wisconsin speaking on ZERO WASTE this week.


"The world has enough for everyone's need,
but not for everyone's greed."
     Mahatma Ghandi

"Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use.
Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.
Implementing Zero Waste will eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that are a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health."
--  Internationally accepted, peer-reviewed definition adopted by the Zero Waste International Alliance  29 November 2004


Our real task is to fight over-consumption.
using
5Cs
   Common sense
   Community
   Creativity
   Children
   Communication

to prop up the 4Rs
                     Reduce
                     Reuse
                     Recycle
                     Redesign

10 Practical STEPS toward ZERO WASTE

1.  Source separation
2.  Door to door collection
3.  Composting
4.  Recycling
5.  Waste reduction initiatives
6.  Reuse, repair & reconstruction
7.  Economic incentives
8.  Residual separation & research center
9.  Better industrial design
10. Interim landfill


Since the industrial revolution we have attempted to impose a linear society on a planet that functions in circles. Nature recycles everything; we do not. In four steps we convert virgin materials into waste. It starts with extraction, and then manufacture, then distribution, then consumption and finally waste.   At each step in this linear chain there are enormous impacts on the environment. Extraction from raw materials requires large quantities of energy and in turn produces huge quantities of solid waste, air pollution, water pollution, ecosystem damage, and massive quantities of carbon dioxide which in turn leads to Global Warming. Most of these impacts are repeated again with the manufacture of products. Then transportation between every step entails further energy use and even more carbon dioxide production and more Global Warming.  With China, India, and Indonesia attempting to catch up with western consumption, the stresses on finite resources and global climate change threaten to become far, far worse than anything we have seen to date.  We have to move from the back end of waste disposal to the front end of resource management and better industrial design. We need to design waste out of the system.  We need community responsibility at the back end of the problem, industrial responsibility at the front end, and we need good political leadership to bring these two together.  The Zero Waste strategy says no to incinerators, no to mega-landfills, no to the throwaway society and yes to a sustainable society.
 
We have to separate the quality of life from material consumption.
We ned to swap a life built around acquiring a series of objects...
to a life built around a series of expanding human relationships.




Wednesday, September 25, 2013

Fall leaves begin to show their colors at High Cliff State Park


Entering High Cliff State Park
Golf course winds it way back to the park
A sailboat in the distance
Old lime kiln ruins


Add caption

Looking back towards the marina
A motorboat headed our way breaks the silence
Hana & Chris along the trail
Admiring results of
Butterfly Pond Restoration & Wetland Mitigation

The reconfigured Butterfly Pond
A tapping broke the silence
alerting us to the presence of
a woodpecker high in a tree.
As the sun drops drops in the sky
behind us we head for home






The native plant bed goes out in a blaze of glory as cooler weather arrives in the Midwest


Goldenrod
Ohio Goldenrod
Solidago ohioensis
     
Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist 
Height:
3'-4' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Sep 
Color:
yellow 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
18"  

Ohio Goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis) is the largest of the goldenrod flowers. The compact form misrepresents the exuberant late season floral display. The foliage is superb, with lush, lance-like leaves radiating out from the base. Excellent for moist clay, it also thrives in good garden soil. Hardy to Zones 4 - 5

Goldenrod
Stiff Goldenrod
Solidago rigida
    
Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
3'-5' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Sep 
Color:
yellow 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
A Monarch Favorite, Stiff Goldenrod, Solidago rigida, is a widely adaptable and thrives in even the most inhospitable soils, from clay to dry sand. The stems serve as perches for songbirds, and the seeds are an important late season bird food. The dried heads are lovely in arrangements. Hardy to Zones 3-9

Obedient Plant
Obedient Plant
Physostegia virginiana

Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist 
Height:
1'-2' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Sep 
Color:
pink 
Root:
Rhizome 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
The Obediant Plant (Physostegia virginiana) makes a great groundcover for damp soils. This showy member of the mint family thrives in moist soil and creeps rapidly by rhizomes to keep weeds at bay. An excellent groundcover for wet areas that are difficult to mow, plant it with Great Blue Lobelia for a great late summer color combination. Hardy to Zones 3 - 9.

Sky Blue Aster
Sky Blue Aster
Aster azureus*

Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
2'-3' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Oct 
Color:
blue 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
Aster azureus is bright and showy from late August into October when it is covered with brilliant blue blooms. Combine Sky Blue Aster with the White Aster or Showy Goldenrod for a fabulous fall show! Thrives in almost any soil, from dry sand to moist loam, in full sun to light shade. Hardy to Zones 3 - 8.


New England Aster (top left)
New England Aster
Aster novae-angliae*
   
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist 
Height:
3'-6' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Oct 
Color:
pink,blue 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'-18"  
Tall and majestic, the New Englad Aster's deep blue, purple, and sometimes pink flowers are highlights of the late season landscape. Aster novae-angliae is a critical fall nectar source for butterflies, especially Monarchs as they stock up for their long migration to Mexico. Zones 3 - 7.

Heath Aster

Heath Aster
Aster ericoides*

Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
1'-3' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Oct 
Color:
white 
Root:
Rhizome 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
Not only does Heath Aster produce a blizzard of bright white flowers in late summer and early fall, it will thrive on the driest sandy and gravelly soils. Creeping slowly by rhizomes to form small "bushes," Aster ericoides is one of our longest lived Asters. Plant with Sky Blue Aster and Smooth Aster for a great fall show. Hardy to Zones 3 - 9.

Anise hyssop
Lavender Hyssop 
Agastache foeniculum
   
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
1'-3' 
Bloom Time:
Jul-Sep 
Color:
purple 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  

Also known as Anise Hyssop, the crushed leaves have a fragrance of mint and licorice. The bright purple flowers and textured foliage make this an excellent choice for sunny prairies, open oak woodlands, and savannas. Biennial, it self-sows readily on open soil. Hardy to Zones 2 - 6.


Bottle Gentian

Bottle Gentian
Gentiana andrewsii

Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Moist,Wet 
Height:
1'-2' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Oct 
Color:
blue 
Root:

Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
Bottle Gentian has deep blue flowers never actually open, giving them their bottle-like appearance. The blooms are pollinated exclusively by bumblebees, which pry open the flowers to gain entry into the inner sanctum. Bottle Gentian are slow-growing but long-lived and require little care once established. Blooming late into the fall, Gentiana andrewsii seems impervious to the effects of Jack Frost. Hardy to Zones 3 - 6

Little Bluestem

Little Bluestem Plant
Schizachyrium scoparium*
  
Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
2'-3' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Oct 
Color:
crimson-red 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
Incomparable Fall Color! The blue-green foliage provides a great backdrop for prairie flowers in summer, and then turns a striking crimson in fall. A patch of Little Bluestem waving in the wind is truly a wondrous sight, resembling ocean waves. A clump former, it combines nicely with prairie flowers. Excels in dry sandy soils. Not recommended for heavy clay or damp soils. Zones 3 - 10

Vernal Witchhazel
Vernal Witchhazel 
Hamamelis vernalis

Size of Leaves: Medium
Exposure/ Light Requirements:  Full Sun / Partial Sun/Shade
Hardiness Zone:
5 - 8 
Mature Height:
6-10 Feet
Mature Width:
6-12 Feet
Features:
Fragrant flowers (ranging from red to yellow) with narrow petals, in early spring (as early as March); autumn color is yellow.
Culture:
Full sun to partial shade; moist, well-drained soil is best, but tolerates wet sites; tolerates alkaline soils.

Mature Form:
Rounded to slightly broad rounded.

Soil Conditions:
Dry
Moist, Well-Drained
Wet
Tolerance:
Alkaline Soil
Dry Sites
Salt
Soil Compaction
Wet Sites
Wind
Uses:
Barrier
Border
Foundation
Hedge
Massing
Naturalizing
Screen
Specimen
Foliage Color:
Green

Fall Foliage Color:
Yellow
Glossy Black Chokeberry
Black Chokeberry 
Aronia melanocarpa

Flowers of Black Chokeberry
Size:  Small
Exposure/ Light Requirements:  Full Sun / Partial Sun/Shade
Hardiness Zone:
3 - 8 
Mature Height:
3-6 Feet
Mature Width:
3-6 Feet
Features:
Clusters of small, white flowers in mid-spring; small, round dark purple to black fruit in late summer and autumn; autumn color is red.


Mature Form:
Multi-stemmed with suckers; stems are upright and the shrub tends to form broad thickets.
Soil Conditions:
Dry
Moist, Well-Drained
Wet
Tolerance:
Dry Sites
Salt
Soil Compaction
Wet Sites
Wind
Uses:
Massing
Naturalizing
Foliage Color:
Green

Fall Foliage Color:
Purple
Red

Additional No
Chokeberry fruit are very astringent and will not be eaten by birds, so they are ornamental through much of winter.

Staghorn Sumac

Staghorn Sumac 
Rhus typhina


Hardiness
Zone:

4 - 8 
Mature Height:
15-25 Feet
Mature Width:
15-25 Feet
Features:
Dense, upright clusters of yellow green flowers in early to mid-summer; upright clusters of red, hairy fruit (on female plants only) in late summer, persisting into winter; autumn color is yellow, orange and red.
Culture:
Full sun; moist, well-drained soil is best, but tolerates dryness; prefers acid soils, but tolerates slightly alkaline soils.
Cultivars:
  • 'Laciniata'- Leaflets are deeply cut.
Mature Form:
Broad spreading due to suckering.
Native To:
United States (and Illinois)
Soil Conditions:
Dry
Moist, Well-Drained
Wet
Tolerance:
Alkaline Soil
Dry Sites
Salt
Uses:
Barrier
Border
Foundation
Hedge
Massing
Naturalizing
Screen
Specimen
Foliage Color:
Green

Fall Foliage Color:
Orange
Red
Yellow

Additional Notes:
Male and female flowers on separate plants. Fruit will be produced only if a male plant is available to pollinate the females.





White Oak in fall (on right)

White Oak 
Quercus alba

Hardiness Zone:
4 - 8  

Mature Height:
50-75 Feet
Features:
Purplish red fall color; form.
Culture:
Full sun; moist, well drained soil; prefers slightly acid soil pH.
Mature Form:
Broad rounded

Soil Conditions:

Moist, Well-Drained
Tolerance:
Salt
Wind
Uses:

Shade
Specimen
Foliage Color:
Green
Fall Foliage Color:
Purple
Red

Additional Notes:
Very difficult to transplant due to deep taproot.





Summer blooms in the Native Plant Bed



Purple Coneflowers
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
      
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
3'-4' 
Bloom Time:
Jul-Sep 
Color:
purple 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
Attract butterflies, songbirds, and hummingbirds to your garden with Purple Coneflower! Blooms profusely for up to two months in mid to late summer. Perfect for small gardens and large prairie meadows, Echinacea purpurea thrives in fertile soil in full sun to part shade. Hardy to Zones 4 - 8.



Red Milkweed
Asclepias incarnata

Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Moist,Wet 
Height:
3'-5' 
Bloom Time:
Jun-Jul 
Color:
red,pink 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'-18"  
Red Milkweed attracts butterflies of all kinds and the leaves are a preferred food source for the Monarch Caterpillar. Asclepias incarnata thrives along ponds, streams and detention basins. It preferes moist soil but also does wel in average, well-drained garden sites. Full sun is best and some light shade is tolerated. No butterfly garden is complete without Red Milkweed, also known as Swamp Milkweed or Marsh Milkweed. Zones 3 - 9.


Joe Pye Weed
Joe Pye Weed
Eupatorium maculatum

Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Moist,Wet 
Height:
4'-6' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Sep 
Color:
pink 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
18"  
A Butterfly Magnet, the extravagant Joe Pye Weed is crowned with clusters of bright pink flowers in late summer. Eupatorium maculatum is perfect for planting in damp soil in marshy areas, along streambanks, and on pond edges. Joe Pye Weed ( (also called Spotted Joe Pye Weed) ) also thrives in rich garden soil. If you love Joe Pye but have too much shade, try Sweet Joe Pye Weed. Zones 3 - 6


Queen of the Prairie
Queen of the Prairie
Filipendula rubra

Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist 
Height:
4'-5' 
Bloom Time:
Jun-Jul 
Color:
pink 
Root:
Rhizome 
Zone:
Spacing:
2'  
A show-stopping best seller! With 'cotton candy' pink plumes the Queen of the Prairie is a highlight in the summer prairie garden! Easy to grow, transplants spread by rhizomes, making it an excellent choice for naturalizing in moist meadows. Filipendula rubra prefers moist soil, and performs brilliantly in rich garden soil. Hardy to Zones 3 - 6.

Bee balm (Monarda)
Bergamot
Monarda fistulosa
    
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium,Moist 
Height:
2'-5' 
Bloom Time:
Jul-Sep 
Color:
lavender 
Root:
Rhizome 
Zone:
Spacing:
2'  
The intricate lavender flowers of Bergamot attract a plethora of butterflies, and the strong stems are sometimes used by Indigo Buntings to build their nests. The fresh leaves can be used to brew a tasty, minty tea, and the seedheads are excellent in dried arrangements. Hardy to Zones 3 - 9.
Hoary vervain (light blue-violet in lower middle)


Hoary Vervain
Verbena stricta
    
Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
2'-4' 
Bloom Time:
Jul-Sep 
Color:
blue 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
The robin's egg blue spires are a real standout in the late summer prairie. An important nectar source for butterflies, Hoary Vervain is an important component of butterfly gardens, and the leaves are the larval host food for the Common Buckeye Butterfly. The seeds are important for many small birds and mammals. Very drought resistant, and non-aggressive, Verbena stricta thrives on dry soils and well-drained loamy soils. Zones 3 - 8.


Blazingstar (lavender spikes)


Dense Blazingstar
Liatris spicata
     
Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist 
Height:
3'-6' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Sep 
Color:
purple,pink 
Root:
Corm 
Zone:
Spacing:
6"-1'  
Dense Blazingstar (Liatris spicata) produces bold purple flowerstalks late in the season after other blazingstars are finished. Excellent for attracting butterflies and Hummingbird Moths. Dense Blazingstar prefers slightly moist soils, hence its other name, Marsh Blazingstar. It makes an excellent cut flower and dries well, too. Hardy to Zones 4 - 10.




Tall Ironweed
Vernonia altissima
   
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Moist,Wet 
Height:
5'-8' 
Bloom Time:
Aug-Sep 
Color:
blue 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
2'  
Showiest of the Ironweeds, Tall Ironweed offers brilliant red-pink flowers, held like torches atop the tall flower stalks. Butterflies can't resist the flowers, so expect some of your favorites to visit. Vernonia altissima is a great back border plant, as well as a focal point in the wet meadow. Native to the eastern U.S., it is hardy to Zones 4 - 9. 




Culver's root


Culver's Root
Veronicastrum virginicum

Sun:
Full,Partial,Shade 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist 
Height:
3'-6' 
Bloom Time:
Jul-Aug 
Color:
white 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
18"  
This stately specimen is prized for its well-defined, clean lines. Elegant spires of white flowers crown the whorls of deep green leaves. Culver's Root (Veronicastrum virginicum) creates a unique vertical accent, and can be combined with other white flowers to create 'White Gardens' and 'Moon Gardens'. Hardy to Zones 3 - 8




Cupplant

Cupplant
Silphium perfoliatum*
    
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium,Moist,Wet 
Height:
3'-8' 
Bloom Time:
Jul-Sep 
Color:
yellow 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
2'  
Ranked #1 by the Birds! Cupplant (Silphium perfoliatum) is the single best species for attracting birds! It provides food, water and cover. The leaves clasp the stems to form cups that catch rainwater. Songbirds, butterflies and hummingbirds come for a drink, and in fall, goldfinches descend upon the plants to devour the seeds. Hardy to Zones 3 - 8.


Black Eyed Susan









Black Eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
   
Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium,Moist 
Height:
1'-3' 
Bloom Time:
Jun-Sep 
Color:
yellow 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
Black Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is a hallmark of prairies and meadows with an extravagant floral display! A biennial, it is easy to grow from seed. Transplants bloom the year they are planted, and will self-sow onto open soil. Butterflies are frequent visitors to this bright sunny wildflower! Hardy to Zones 3 - 10.




Lanceleaf Coreopsis
Coreopsis lanceolata
  
Sun:
Full 
Soil:
Sand,Loam 
Moisture:
Dry,Medium 
Height:
1'-2' 
Bloom Time:
Jun-Jul 
Color:
yellow 
Root:
Fibrous 
Zone:
Spacing:
1'  
The golden-yellow flowers of Lanceleaf Coreopsis bloom for weeks on end, creating a fantastic early summer display. Butterflies are regular visitors, and songbirds feed on the ripe seeds in late summer. This durable plant grows in any well-drained soil, and exults in dry sandy soils. Zones 3 - 9.



Seed pods of blue false indigo


Blue False Indigo
Baptisia australis

Sun:
Full,Partial 
Soil:
Sand,Loam,Clay 
Moisture:
Medium 
Height:
3'-5' 
Bloom Time:
Jun-Jul 
Color:
blue 
Root:
Taproot 
Zone:
Spacing:
2'-3'  
Deep rooted and very long-lived, Blue False Indigo (Baptisia australis) forms a large 'bush' at maturity. Clusters of deep blue flowers surround this perennial favorite in late spring, becoming showier and more developed with each growing season.  Makes an excellent specimen plant, planted individually or in groups, spaced three feet apart. Perennial Plant Association 2010 Plant of the Year! Hardy to Zones 3 - 10.